S&P Indices – Quarterly Rebalancing
Earlier this week saw the quarterly rebalancing of the major S&P indices come in to effect – including the Australian ASX200 ($XJO) and US S&P500 ($SPX) indices.
If you have access to the Optuma Symbol lists then the members of the indices have automatically been updated for you, so any scan or watchlist you have linked to the symbol list will now be using the new membership.
The quarterly reviews are based on market cap, liquidity, and performance, with the worst performing members being replaced (see this S&P article for a detailed methodology). Here are the recent changes made to the ASX200 index, with – at the time of the changes before the open on Monday 19th – the eight new members averaged an 8% gain year-to-date, versus -50% for the ones that have been removed (the ASX200 index had lost 9%).
We keep track on the historical index membership and the dates they join and leave the index using the IsMember() function so you can see when the stocks are included in the index – this is especially important when backtesting and why the Historical membership option should be used to avoid survivorship bias.
In the example below, the IsMember() function has been used in a Show View in a chart of US-listed Owens-Illinois ($OI). The highlighted green areas show the two periods they were included in the index: 1997 to 2000 (when they were removed at the low!) and from 2008 to 2016.
US Indices
Here are the Q3 2022 changes to the S&P500, S&P MidCap 400 ($MID), and S&P SmallCap 600 ($SML) indices:
How does being added to the index impact performance?
As mentioned, our symbol lists for these indices have been updated to reflect these changes. Using the IsMember() function it’s possible to create studies on performance when a stock is added to (or removed from) the index.
For example, since 2020 there have been 41 companies join the S&P500 index (not including the two changes this week). Of those, only 15 are out-performing the index (calculated from the day they were added to the close on September 20th 2022). Here’s the list, sorted by current market capitalization, showing that on average they are underperforming the index by 7%:
Tesla ($TSLA) – by far the biggest company to join – was added to the index on December 21st, 2020. Since then, it has gained 30% – out-performing the SPX index by 27% (although those gains have come since July 2022).
As the watchlist shows, just because a company gets added to the index it by no means guarantees that it will perform well. For instance, PENN Entertainment ($PENN) joined the S&P500 index in March 2021 just a few days after what turned out to be it’s all-time high, and it immediately started to fall. When it was removed this week the price had fallen 74% since the day it was added.
ASX Performance
Life360 ($360) is an Australian software company with a similar story to PENN – but they only lasted nine months in the ASX200 index! It was added in December 2021 after gaining 300% during the year. Six months after joining the price had fallen 80%, before rallying off June’s lows. But it was too late, and the S&P removed it from the index in the most recent review.
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//Select Index list; V1=ISMEMBER(SYMBOLLIST=[SELECT INDEX]) ChangeTo 1; //Get date when IsMember becomes true; D1=BARDATE(); VALUEWHEN(D1, V1==1) |
As always, any questions please let us know – and any scripting queries can be posted to the forum.
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Darren Hawkins, MSTA
Senior Software Specialist at Optuma
Darren is the senior Software Specialist at Optuma. He joined the company in 2009 after attending an introductory technical analysis course. Darren now instructs users all over the world, from experienced Wall Street traders and professional money managers to individual traders drawing their first trendlines.
Darren grew up in the UK and attended college in the USA where he earned a BA in Economics from St Mary's College of Maryland. He went on to spend a few years working at the Nasdaq Stock Market in Washington DC. Going on to live and work in Australia, the US and currently the UK, Darren has a broad understanding of the individual needs of traders, portfolio managers and investors utilising a wide range of methodologies.
In 2014 Darren passed the UK-based Society of Technical Analysts diploma course, and when not looking at charts he keeps a keen eye on England's cricket team - especially if they are playing against Australia. He lives in the Essex countryside in England, with wife Wendy and their labrador, Gabba.
Great post Darren! Thank you.